Lucy Letby, a neonatal nurse from northern England, was recently convicted and sentenced to life for the murders of 7 babies. The case has astounded everybody due to the cruelty of her crimes and the fact that she had managed to get away with her crimes for many years. Despite multiple reports and concerns from colleagues, why wasn’t Letby caught and convicted earlier? 

Lucy Letby’s Criminal Timeline 

From 2015 to 2016, Letby attacked 13 babies and killed 7 of them. Multiple reports were made, and each of them pinpointed Letby as the common factor: 

• In July of 2015, Dr. Stephen Brearey informally reviewed 4 unexplained collapses, which led to 3 deaths, and noted that Letby was on shift each occasion. The committee classified the cause as medication errors. 
• In October of 2015, the ward manager carried out another review and noted that Letby was the only common staff member present. She reported her findings to the lead neonatologist. 

• The same month, the unit’s consultants spoke to the nursing director about their concerns about Letby, and in February of 2016, the director and the consultants did a thematic review of 5 unexplained deaths and other collapses and determined the only common factor was Letby’s presence. 
• In May of 2016, the lead neonatologist emails a report to the trust’s medical director to ask for a meeting, but the executive team did not take any action because they felt like all of it was a coincidence. 
• In June of 2016, executive directors at the trust met to discuss whether to involve the police. They decided not to because they felt that Letby’s involvement was circumstantial and that the doctors may be carrying out a witch-hunt. Additionally, they did not want any reputational damage to the trust due to a police investigation. 
• In September of 2016, an independent review by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health was organized by the medical director and the chief executive. The RCPCH reported their findings in October 2016 and recommended a detail case review of each death. 
• Also in September of 2016, Letby raised a formal grievance about her transfer from clinical duties. Not only did the board approve her return to the neonatal unit in January 2017, but they also met with her and her parents in December 2016 to apologize on behalf of the trust. They ordered the consultants to apologize to Letby as well. 

• After the regional neonatal lead suggested further investigation, consultants met with Cheshire Constabulary in April of 2017 to raise their concerns. The trust announced the involvement of the police a month later.  
• After a year-long investigation, Letby was arrested in July 2018, and in August of 2023, nearly a decade after her crimes first started, she was sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.  

A Global Concern 

Many people were involved in this case, and it seems almost impossible that Letby would have gotten away with her crimes for as long as she did with all the concerns and reports on her. However, not only was Letby allowed to continue working, but concerned colleagues were even forced to apologize to her. Had the board and the executives taken the concerns seriously, perhaps Letby would have been stopped before she could kill 7 babies. However, the fact is she did get away long enough to kill those 7 babies, and change must be made. 

While the case is located in Northern England, which is under the National health Service, healthcare systems around the world should pay attention and take heed. As healthcare providers, our duty is to the well-being of our patients, but many administrators seemingly forget that and focus more on the reputation of the hospital instead. This has led to an environment where staff members are afraid to report anything wrong in case of backlash from the facility. 

In the United States, there are unfortunately many stories of facilities covering up mistakes or trying to brush things under the rug. Recently, a Georgia couple filed a lawsuit after their baby was decapitated during the delivery, and the hospital and its staff tried to cover it up for almost a week. Another doctor from New York was recently indicted on 3 counts of rape, 10 counts of predatory sexual assault, 7 counts of sexual abuse, and 4 counts of assault. One of the victims is suing the doctor, his supervisors, and the hospital as she alleges that the hospital tried to cast doubt on her complaints and provided incorrect and false information in order to protect the doctor and the hospital.    

There Needs to Be Change 

It’s incredibly disheartening to see reports like this. These cases indicate not only patients that have lost their trust in the healthcare system but also healthcare facilities that had the power to end the crimes and save more victims that ultimately chose not to. Reputation is a hard thing to recover once it is ruined, but is it easier to recover the reputation of a hospital that discovered a doctor committing one crime and launching an investigation or a hospital that was notified repeatedly about a doctor and chose not to do anything until it is much too late? Would facilities rather be known as a facility that launched an investigation after 1 complaint and discovered nothing was wrong or a facility that launched an investigation after dozens of complaints and discovered there are many victims? 

Had the board taken the concerns of Letby’s colleagues more seriously, instead of having 7 dead babies, there would have been 3. Even though 3 lives may still have been lost, swift action might have prevented further tragedy. Lucy Letby’s case is a reminder of the vital role healthcare providers play in upholding patient safety. Reforms should be made to prioritize transparency, accountability, and patient well-being. We should aim to foster a healthcare system where patients can trust the facility and its staff, instead of one where facilities are concerned about their reputation. These tragedies can be prevented, but only if facilities listen.